Composition and Permanence
Ceracolors Water-Based Cold Wax Paint
The Composition and Permanence tables in the description of Ceracolors provide essential information on the composition, characteristics, and permanence of Ceracolors color ranges. Using the tables helps you choose colors based on how they will appear and how long-lasting the finished artwork will be, and by understanding exactly what’s in your paint, you can be sure to create the highest quality painting.
The term ‘permanence’ is used here to mean the quality of lasting or remaining unchanged indefinitely. This does not imply that it will remain unchanged forever, but rather for an extended time that cannot be measured.
Terms Explained
Color
This is the name of the color. This name usually indicates the name of the pigment. However, in pigment mixtures, the name is a designation of the mixture.
Pigment Classification
This is a classification of the pigment types used in each color. Pigments can be classified as being either Synthetic or Natural and Organic or Inorganic. For example, titanium white is Synthetic and Inorganic. Yellow ocher is Natural and Inorganic.
Colour Index Name
Each pigment can be universally identified by its Colour Index Name. For example, Cobalt Blue is Pigment Blue 28, abbreviated to PB 28.
Colour Index Names of the pigments allow you to cross-reference the working properties in other sources, i.e., lightfastness, opacity, toxicity, etc. It is also necessary to fully identify some of the modern pigments. For example, the disclosure of a pigment as Naphthol Red is insufficient because there are over a dozen different types, differing widely in lightfastness and opacity.
Chemical Composition
This column provides the chemical description of the pigments used in each color.
Code
This Code is a number that is given to each of the colors. This is mainly used as a reference by retailers and in our literature, but it can also help you to find the right color when buying paint.
Series
The Series number indicates the relative price of the color and is determined mainly by the cost of the pigment. Series 1 is the least expensive, and Series 5 is the most costly.
Opacity
Transparent colors are marked ‘T’ and semi-transparent ‘ST.’ Opaque colors are marked ‘O’ and semi-opaque ‘SO.’ Transparency, however, is relative, and the ratings are provided as a guide only. In addition, any thin film of paint will appear more transparent than a thicker one.
Permanence
The permanence of an artist’s color is defined as ‘its durability when laid with a brush on a support and displayed under a glass frame in a dry room freely exposed to ordinary daylight and an ordinary urban atmosphere.’
In simpler terms, the rating is the resistance of a color or color mixture to change when exposed to light and the atmosphere. Our ratings consider the following factors; the natural passage of time accelerated tests for lightfastness and binder stability and results from pigment manufacturers’ testing, making our permanent ratings the most stringent in the industry.
| Rating | Explanation |
| A | Permanent |
| B | Moderately Durable |
| C | Fugitive |
For further information on some colors, the rating may include one or more of the following additional notes:
| Notes | Explanation |
| 1 | May fade when applied in thin layers or washes. |
| 2 | May darken when exposed to damp conditions or high relative humidity. |
| 3 | Bleached by acids or acidic atmospheres. |
| 4 | Fluctuating color that fades in light but recovers in the dark. |
| 5 | Should not be prepared in pale tints with white, as these will fade. |
| 6 | May fade unless protected with an isolating varnish or fixative. |
Lightfastness
Lightfastness is shown with an ASTM rating for the pigment. The ASTM abbreviation stands for the American Society for Testing and Materials. This organization has set standards for the performance of art materials, including a color’s lightfastness. In this system, I is the highest lightfastness available, and V is the lowest, though ratings I and II are considered permanent for artists’ use.
To measure lightfastness using this system, colors are reduced to 40% reflectance by adding titanium white, except for watercolors, which rely on white paper. This means the amount of light reflected from the color swatch. The swatches are then tested in both sunlight and artificially accelerated conditions.
Where no ASTM rating is given for a color, it is labeled as ‘N/L’ meaning “Not Listed” this usually indicates that the ASTM has not yet tested the pigment. It does not necessarily imply a lack of lightfastness.
In these cases, we recommend you refer to the permanence rating, which evaluates color on many aspects, including lightfastness, and is used to indicate a color’s ability to resist fading.
